Hallux valgus is a foot deformity characterized by the outward bending of the big toe and the inward shifting of the first metatarsal bone. This condition can lead to pain in the big toe and difficulties in wearing shoes. Genetic factors, improper shoe usage, and certain health issues (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) play significant roles in the development of this deformity.
The Impact of Physiotherapy and Manual Therapy Techniques
Non-surgical methods, including physiotherapy and manual therapy, hold significant importance in the treatment of hallux valgus. The techniques applied include:
- Mobilization and Manual Therapy: Mobilization techniques applied to the foot joints and soft tissues can increase the mobility of the big toe, alleviating pain and stiffness. Manual therapy can be especially effective in the early stages.
- Exercises: Strengthening exercises for the foot and leg muscles can slow the progression of the deformity and relieve symptoms. Exercises that engage the toe muscles and support the arch of the foot play a crucial role in this process.
- Stretching Exercises: Stretching the muscles around the ankle can relieve pressure and provide comfort.
- Foot Biomechanical Adjustments: Special orthotics or supportive devices recommended by a physiotherapist can help correct improper foot placement habits.
Shoe Selection
Choosing the right shoes is crucial for stopping the progression of hallux valgus and alleviating symptoms. The following points should be considered:
- Wide-Toed Shoes: Shoes made from flexible materials with wide toe boxes should be preferred to avoid crowding the toes.
- Low-Heeled Shoes: High heels should be avoided, and heel height should not exceed 2-3 cm.
- Supportive Insoles: Orthopedic insoles can help distribute pressure evenly by supporting the arch of the foot.
- Night Splint (Bunion Splint): Night splints for hallux valgus can help maintain the big toe in the correct position, slowing the progression of the deformity.
Daily Living Considerations
- Gait Analysis: A gait analysis performed with a physiotherapist can help identify improper walking patterns, allowing for suitable corrective exercises to be suggested.
- Foot Resting: Avoiding prolonged standing and regularly resting the feet can help alleviate pressure on them.
- Cold Application: Applying cold compresses for 15-20 minutes several times a day can reduce swelling and inflammation.
- Massage and Stretching: Regular massages and stretching exercises can relax the foot muscles and reduce tension.
Use of Foot Insoles and Orthotics
- Custom Insoles: Orthopedic insoles can help relieve the deformity by supporting the arch. Custom-designed insoles are more effective in addressing foot placement issues.
- Night Splint: Night splints for hallux valgus can help keep the big toe in the correct position, preventing the progression of the deformity.
Regular Exercise and Physiotherapy Program
- Regular Exercises: Strengthening and stretching exercises recommended by a physiotherapist should be performed regularly.
- Posture and Balance Exercises: Correcting body posture and maintaining balance can reduce the load on the feet.
Alternative Therapies
- Acupuncture and Reflexology: Alternative therapies can provide relief, especially for individuals experiencing long-term pain, and may help alleviate foot pain.
These treatments and precautions can be effective in halting the progression of hallux valgus and alleviating symptoms. By following the treatment plan suggested by your physiotherapist, you can reduce the effects of the deformity.
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